How to Clean a Hummingbird Feeder

A hummingbird feeder should be cleaned regularly to make sure it's safe for birds. Rinse the feeder with hot water each time it is filled. For regular cleanings, you can boil your feeders in a pot of water if they can handle that without deforming. This removes sugar residue well. Rinse the feeder after boiling because some sugar liquid will remain in the water used to boil. If your feeder can't be boiled then you will need to use mild cleaners such as white vinegar or peroxide more often. However, in the event you see black mold, you will need to soak with vinegar and peroxide for a longer time — until the residue has been destroyed. Alternatively, you can use diluted bleach but it is very important to remove all bleach residue before refilling the feeder. Work on maintaining the cleaner after cleaning it by changing the nectar regularly and deep cleaning it once a month. If you don't keep the nectar fresh it will ferment. This will damage the birds' organs. Fermented liquid can remain clear. You can't rely on cloudiness to tell you it's time to change it. Black mold will happen if a feeder has been neglected even more and it will kill the birds more quickly than spoiled nectar will.

Method 1

Method 1 of 3:

Doing a Routine Cleaning

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As you likely stock your feeder with nectar, make sure to remove that before cleaning the feeder. You should simply pour the nectar down the drain. Once birds have fed in the liquid it will contain mold and other contaminants so do not save unused sugar liquid from inside of the feeders. You can make more nectar later with simple sugar and water or restock the feeder with store-bought nectar. If your buy nectar from a store choose the colorless kind, not the kind that is dyed red. Birds are attracted to the red feeder parts and do not need to ingest unnecessary petroleum dyes. The birds prefer cane sugar over beet sugar and you should never use anything except cane or beet sugar.
2
Disassemble the feeder. You may need the manufacturer's guidelines to disassemble your feeder. However, disassembling a feeder is often self-explanatory. You can usually see the knobs and screws that must be undone to take the feeder part.
- If you are at all unsure, however, you should consult the guidelines to make sure you do not damage your feeder. If you lost the guidelines, you can type the name of your feeder into a search engine. You may be able to find a copy of the guidelines online. Some feeders, though, recommend using soap. Soap is not effective at removing black mold and soap is hard to remove without leaving residue that will harm the birds' stomachs.
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3
Select a cleaner. Usually, bleach is not necessary unless there is black mold in the feeder. For the most part, weaker cleaners like peroxide and vinegar work best as they're less likely to leave behind harmful residue.^{[1]XResearch source}
- Unless you see mold, opt for white vinegar or 3% hydrogen peroxide as your cleaner. Vinegar should be diluted with water. Use two parts water to one part vinegar.
- You can also use simple dish soap. However, you should boil your feeder in a large pot of water to remove all soap residue because even a small amount of soap damages the stomach lining of the birds by attacking the stomach cells. If your feeder can't be boiled without deformation then don't use soap or use very little and soak the feeder in a large pot of water, stirring occasionally. Then rinse it very thoroughly.
Fill up your sink with your chosen cleaner. Allow your feeder to soak for several hours. This will remove any toxins and make it easier to scrub off any grime.
5
Scrub down the interior of your feeder. You will need a thin bottle brush to get into the various nooks and crannies of the feeder. Scrub the interior of your feeder with the bottle brush. You want to remove any nectar or sugar residue, as this can spoil and contaminate new nectar. Boiling the feeder, if it can be boiled without deforming, is a way of removing sugar residue without scrubbing. If you prefer not to scrub and have some mold, you can soak the feeder in an active chemical bath like vinegar or hydrogen peroxide. If soaked long enough, all biofilms (mold and such) should be destroyed. Remember that scrubbing does not always remove microscopic material.
- After being soaked, residue should come off easily. You should not have to scrub with too much force.
Rinse the feeder under hot, running tap water. Rinse each part of the feeder until the water runs clear. It's very important to rinse the feeder completely in order to keep harmful residue from getting into hummingbird nectar.
Set the feeder in a dry, safe place in your home. Allow it to air dry completely before reassembling it and putting it back in place. How long this will take depends on the humidity of your region. It can take anywhere from a few hours to overnight.

Method 2

Method 2 of 3:

Treating Mold

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1
Dilute your bleach. If there is black mold in your hummingbird feeder, you will need to clean it with bleach, peroxide, or vinegar. You should never use bleach without diluting it first, as this can be dangerous. You should also make sure to wear gloves when handling bleach and have adequate ventilation. Vinegar and peroxide are weaker so they will take longer to remove the black mold. However, they have the advantage of not creating toxic dioxin chemicals by reacting with organic compounds like sugar.
- To dilute bleach, mix a quarter cup of bleach with a gallon of water. It's easiest to put your bleach and water in a large bucket.
2
Soak the feeder in the bleach for an hour. This is important to remove any mold and spores that could potentially harm hummingbirds. Submerge all parts of your bird feeder in the bleach solution. Allow them to sit for an hour.^{[2]XResearch source}
- Remember to wear gloves when working with bleach.
3
Clean the feeder with a bottle brush. Keeping your gloves on, remove the parts of the bird feeder from the bleach. Clean each part of the feeder with a bottle brush.^{[3]XResearch source}
- Make sure to scrub off any traces of black mold. You do not want any black mold on the feeder when you put it back in place.
- Where gloves for the duration of the cleaning process.
It's vital to rinse the feeder as bleach can be dangerous to birds. Run the feeder under hot water until the water runs clear. Because bleach reacting with organic compounds like sugar can create very toxic dioxin chemicals, it is highly-recommended to boil the feeder in a large pot of water after rinsing it to ensure all traces of bleach residue are removed. If your feeder has a type of plastic that cannot be boiled then soak the feeder in a large pot of water for several hours, stirring periodically.^{[4]XResearch source}
After bleaching a feeder, you do not need to let it air dry. You can simply refill it and put it back in place. However, if the feeder is very wet, you can pat it dry slightly with a towel before putting it back in place.^{[5]XResearch source}

Method 3

Method 3 of 3:

Maintaining Your Feeder

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1
Clean the feeder at the right frequency, depending on the season. In the warmer months, feeders will need to be cleaned more often. In 90F or higher weather it may even be necessary to replace the liquid twice daily. Fermentation happens very quickly. Do not place hummingbird feeders in locations where they receive direct sunlight as it greater speeds up spoilage. In weather with temperatures in the 80s it is a good idea to change the liquid daily. In the 70s the liquid may last more than a day. Remember, you can't rely on liquid cloudiness to know it's time to change the liquid. Clear-looking liquid can be too fermented already. Beer looks clear but it's extremely fermented. ^{[6]XResearch source}
- Check the hummingbird feeder each morning and evening. If it looks yellow or you see bugs in the nectar, change it.^{[7]XResearch source}
2
Replace the nectar regularly. Watch the nectar closely and throw it away when necessary. How long nectar lasts depends on the ambient temperature, how clean the feeder was before it was refilled, how many ports are open to let air in, and whether or not it gets direct sunlight.
- In high heat situations or when the feeder is in direct sunlight, nectar can go bad in less than a day.
- At a minimum, you'll need to change the nectar every 3-5 days.^{[8]XResearch source}
Check the feeder periodically for a greasy residue. This can indicate that there is black mold. The feeder should be boiled, if it is made of parts that can be boiled, more often than it is deep-cleaned. When you deep clean the feeder periodically you have the option of boiling the feeder three times in a row for 30 minutes each time, allowing it to cool. This will kill mold spores which are very resistant to being killed by boiling. You can also soak the feeder in hydrogen peroxide or vinegar for an hour or more. If you notice black mold growing on the feeder that is especially bad and requires soaking in vinegar, peroxide, or a 1 part bleach 10 parts water liquid. You should not see any black mold on the feeder after soaking. If you see it then continue to soak until it has dissolved. ^{[9]XResearch source}

Expert Q&A

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Question
How often should you change the nectar?
Jeff Jones
Bird Specialist
Jeff Jones is a Bird Specialist based in Nashville, Tennessee. He is the writer of BirdOculars, a website dedicated to helping people become better birders. He has over 18 years of experience and specializes in feeding birds and wildlife. Jeff experiments to find ways to encourage birds he wants to study and his website help others to do the same.
Jeff Jones
Bird Specialist
Expert Answer
Check your hummingbird feeder each morning and evening, and change the nectar if it looks yellow or if there are dead bugs in it. Otherwise, change it every 3-5 days.
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Question
How often should you clean your feeder?
Jeff Jones
Bird Specialist
Jeff Jones is a Bird Specialist based in Nashville, Tennessee. He is the writer of BirdOculars, a website dedicated to helping people become better birders. He has over 18 years of experience and specializes in feeding birds and wildlife. Jeff experiments to find ways to encourage birds he wants to study and his website help others to do the same.
Jeff Jones
Bird Specialist
Expert Answer
Clean it at least once a month with a 10% bleach solution. You can also use vinegar.
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Question
Can I keep extra hummingbird nectar in my refrigerator?
Community Answer
Yes, but I would not recommend keeping the nectar for more than one week.
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Have several feeders, so that you can have at least one in use and one ready to substitute while the other one is clean. That way, you won't feel tempted to postpone cleaning the one in use.
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To make cleaning easier and to ensure most of the nectar is consumed between feeds, only fill the feeder partially full. You will need to monitor the feeders to determine how little can be added before they are run dry by the birds' feeding. The goal is to find the least amount of nectar that can be used, to minimize waste, while also not leaving the birds with a dry feeder. For many smaller feeders, one third full is enough in northern areas where birds are territorial. For areas with communal southern species, more liquid may be needed because more birds will share the feeder.
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Warnings

A dirty feeder can grow mold, which can harm or kill the hummingbirds. Clean nectar feeders regularly. Fermentation happens even more quickly than black mold growth. Even clear liquid can be fermented. You should be able to smell it if you open the feeder after the liquid has begun to ferment. Hummingbirds are very small and fermented liquid is bad for them, not just black mold. And, contrary to popular belief, you can't wait until the liquid is cloudy to know it's time for it to be changed. Clear-looking liquid can be too fermented for the health of the birds.
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City water has chlorine gas or chloramine in it. Boiling the water or leaving it out to evaporate the chlorine out of does not work with chloramine. It stays dissolved. Well water is sometimes contaminated with arsenic in agricultural areas as well as other chemicals. Well water also often contains too much iron for the birds.
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Birds will nest near feeders so it's necessary to keep them clean and full of nectar for the entire season the birds are there. They will also return to the same location the next season. Many common species, especially more to the north, are competitive about feeders so if you want to serve more birds you will need to have more feeders — spaced far enough away so the birds can't see the other birds feeding from "their" feeders.
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Bleach residue creates highly-toxic dioxin molecules when it reacts with organic compounds (like sugar) so bleach residue should never come into contact with the sugar liquid in the feeder.
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Some companies sell nectar with red dye. This does not attract the birds more than red plastic feeder parts and the extra chemical is not going to make the birds healthier! These dyes are petroleum-based. Some are also selling copper compounds to add to nectar to slow down spoilage. This will cause a zinc deficiency in the birds because animals maintain a copper–zinc equilibrium. Do not add copper to your nectar. Do not use preservatives. Boil the sugar + water liquid and use distilled water as the water source.
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